A prime number is defined as any natural number with only two factors that are 1 and itself. The number 2 is an example of a prime number. This is because the only way of denoting 2 as a product is 2 x 1 or 1 x2. Also, 2 is the only even prime number.

Set notations are used to determine if elements are contained in the superset or not.

Set notation is known as a collection of elements specified to determine whether a given element is contained in a set or not.

Set and subset are a collection of elements. Set contains elements, and if some of those elements are contained in another set, then the second set is called the subset of the main set.

A set is a collection of well defined objects. The objects in a set are called the members or elements of the set, and a certain condition defines their membership. The elements of a set can be anything that satisfies the definition of membership.

Currency exchange is the process of exchanging currency from one currency to another. It is also known as foreign exchange. The value of a currency depends on the market forces related to trade, investment, tourism and geopolitical risks.

The standard form is like the short form of a particular function. There are  different standard forms, like the standard form of an equation, standard form of a polynomial and the standard linear equation. The standard form formula is  used to help in finding the general representation for the different types of notations. 

The exponential function is that function that is represented in the form x^{m} where x is base and m is the exponent. The exponential curve depends on the exponential function, and it also depends on the value of m in the expression x^{m}. 

A ratio is characterised as a tool used to analyse the size of at least two values with respect to each other. We can use ratios to increase and decrease quantities and keep the proportions the same.

Speed, distance and time problems are interesting because they often describe simple situations which people confuse with the wrong formulas. It is also important that in these types of questions, the objects move at constant or average speeds in speed, distance and time scenarios.

The index is the power or exponent that is raised to a number or a variable. For example, in number 2^4, 4 is the index of 2. The plural form of index is indices.

Indices are a convenient tool in mathematics to compactly denote taking power or roots of a number. Taking power is simply a case of repeated multiplication of a number. Whereas taking root is equivalent to a fractional power of the number.

There are two ways of telling the time: The 12-hour clock runs from midnight (12:00) to midnight.The $$24$$-hour clock uses the numbers 00:00 to 23:59.

The ratio of the difference in the amount to its starting value multiplied by 100 is the percentage change or the percent change of a quantity. Percentage change is the difference between the old and the new values after subtracting the old from the latest, dividing by the old and multiplying the final result by 100 to show it as a percentage.

The square of a number is multiplying the number by itself. An example of this is 2 x 2. The cube of a number is the number multiplied by itself twice. An example of this is 2 x 2 x 2.

Ordering numbers is an arrangement of the numbers in a sequence. The sequence of the numbers can be in ascending order or descending order. The ascending order is the arrangement of the numbers or alphabet from smallest values to biggest or greatest. The descending order is the arrangement of the numbers or alphabet from the greatest or biggest values to the smallest.

A fraction is a numerical value which is used to define part of a whole. Percentage can be defined as a fraction that has a denominator of 100.

Fractions are numbers that represent less than a whole but more than zero. They can be expressed as a part of a number or a part out of 10, 100, 1,000 and so on (base 10).

The most significant figure is the left-most digit in a number. For example, the most significant figure in 0.0057 is 5 because 0 in any digit works as a placeholder. If the value of the first non-significant figure is less than 5, the least significant figure remains unchanged. Whereas, if it is greater than 5, then the least significant figure increases by 1.

A rational number is defined as a number that can be completely represented in the form of a fraction. 1, 0.5, -.12 are all examples of rational numbers. An irrational number is defined as a number that cannot be represented in the form of a fraction. An example of this would be pi.

Order of operations follows the BEDMAS principle. When there are lots of operators in an equation, you need to start with the Brackets, Exponents and Division first. Then move onto Multiplication, Addition and lastly Subtraction. An example of this would be (2+3) x 5 + 3 - 1.

The procedure of rounding to a decimal place depends upon the decimal places that need to be rounded off in the first place. Typically, this type of rounding is called Swedish rounding. Rounding helps to make estimations in things like temperature, money and mass.

Anything that can be measured has a margin of error. The magnitude of error depends on how precisely it is measured and the accuracy of the measuring tool. Upper bound and lower bounds helps to provide measurement a degree of accuracy.

Simplifying fractions makes fractions easier to read and easier to continue to manipulate with operators. For example, 4/8 can be simplified to 1/2.

A fraction consists of two numbers that are written one above the other and are separated by a horizontal line. The number present above the line, is called the ‘numerator’ whereas the number present below the horizontal line, is the denominator.  A denominator represents the total number of equal parts into which something needs to be divided.

A recurring decimal number are digits that do not end with zero but are repeated at the same periodic interval. A non-recurring decimal number are digits that do not end with zero, and they do not get repeated after any periodic interval.

The word ‘percentage’ is derived from the Latin phrase ‘per centum’, which means ‘by the hundred’.  Percentages are fractions with a denominator of 100. Putting in another way, it is the relationship between the portion and the whole in which the whole is always valued at 100.

If the value of percentage increase or decrease is given along with the product's final value, and you need to find the initial value before the percentage increases or decreases at that time, the reverse percentage is used. Or it can be said that the value of some quantity after it has been either increased or decreased by a given percentage. Then, find the value of that quantity before it was increased or decreased, and it will be calculated with the help of reverse percentage.

The ratio of a set of numbers is a tool used in comparing two or more values. Sometimes we need to compare two quantities of the same type. So, the comparison by division method makes calculation easier than comparing by finding out the difference.

A proportion is a statement in which two or more ratios are equivalent to each other. There are two types of proportions: direct and inversly proportionate.

Inverse proportions describes the relationship where when one thing gets bigger, something else gets smaller. For instance, the alarm of an ambulance becomes louder as it approaches you and calmer as it goes farther away. That means if the distance between you and the ambulance is small, then the sound of the alarm of the ambulance heard will be loud.

Numbers are used in performing calculations by using operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and so on. The sign, added sometimes right before a number, plays a vital role in the number system. It can change the entire situation in our decision-making.

Factors are those numbers that divide a given number without leaving any remainder. While a multiple is defined as the product of one number to another number.